6.4 Sauna

Create a space for relaxation, stress relief, and overall well-being. Saunas offer a sanctuary where individuals can unwind, rejuvenate, and escape daily pressures. They promote physical relaxation, improve blood circulation, and provide potential health benefits. Saunas can also serve as social gathering places, preserving cultural traditions and fostering community connection. Some saunas aim to provide a luxurious spa experience, while others focus on holistic healing or personal retreat and self-care.

Space Planning

Locate adjacent to the experience showers and positioned with other wet amenities, if any. Situate the sauna room near the showers to avoid guests traversing dry areas within the locker room.

Design Features

Features:

Traditional saunas are typically a wood-lined room with a stove or heater producing heat between 120-190 degrees Fahrenheit (49-88 degrees Celsius). This heat is tolerable by maintaining a low humidity which induces relaxation and sweating. There are many variations on the traditional sauna.

Provide a prefabricated redwood, cedar, or white spruce sauna. Ensure that the contractor provides insulated partitions, floors, and ceilings per the manufacturer’s installation requirements.

Provide a two tiered bench to allow different temperature seating options.

Typical bench depths for the lower bench are 83-103cm (32”-40”).

Typical bench depth for the upper bench is 48cm (19”).

The typical ceiling height is between 2.1- 2.4m (7’ -8’) to easily maintain appropriate temperatures.

Most saunas utilize a commercial grade electric or gas heater of stainless steel construction with stones. Size the heater per the sauna volume.

If water basins are provided within the sauna, ensure that the sauna heater can accommodate water being poured over the rocks. Not all heaters will tolerate water.

Design an interesting heater guard. Ensure an open design to allow air to pass through the guard and around the heater.

Include a focal feature within the sauna.

Provide a waterproof, recessed slab sloped to a drain with a removable duckboard floor. The recessed slab allows for easy cleaning of the sauna room.

Provide a wood push/pull handle at sauna room doors. Handle must remain cool to the touch.

Locate the time and temperature programmable controls in the back of house space to be controlled by the employees.

Install robe hooks outside the sauna door.

Consider a sand timer within the sauna.

Provide equipment operation and life safety signage at appropriate locations.

Sauna doors open out of the room. Ensure doors have vision panels to passively monitor the interior.

Flooring and Wall Finishes

Flooring:

Cedarwood: Cedar is a popular choice for sauna flooring due to its natural resistance to moisture, durability, and pleasant aroma. It provides a comfortable surface that doesn't retain heat excessively.

Stone: Natural stone, such as slate or granite, can add a luxurious and natural look to the sauna. These materials are highly durable and can handle the high temperatures and moisture of a sauna.

*Tile: Ceramic or porcelain tiles with a slip-resistant finish can be used for sauna floors. They are easy to clean, durable, and can withstand high temperatures, but we do not recommend this surface due to ongoing upkeep (potential for cracking or damage especially in saunas that employ stones for heat, grout replacement and resealing, common mildew issues, discoloration, and tendency of the tile to retain too much heat.)

Walls:

Cedarwood: Like the flooring, cedarwood is a common choice for sauna walls. It has natural antimicrobial properties, excellent insulation, and gives a pleasant aroma to the sauna.

Glass: Using glass walls or panels can create a modern and open feel in the sauna. It allows for natural light to enter and provides a visually appealing experience. However, it's important to choose tempered glass that can withstand the high temperatures of the sauna.

*Tile: Similar to the flooring, ceramic or porcelain tiles can be used on the walls for their durability and ease of cleaning, but we do not recommend this surface due to ongoing upkeep (grout replacement and resealing, common mildew issues, discoloration, and tendency of the tile to retain too much heat.)

Substrate:

Concrete: A concrete substrate is commonly used in saunas due to its durability and ability to withstand high temperatures. It provides a solid and stable base for flooring materials like tiles or stone. Concrete can also be used as the substrate for the walls, providing a strong and heat-resistant surface.

Cement Board: Cement boards, such as WonderBoard or HardieBacker, are moisture-resistant and suitable for use in saunas. They provide a stable and flat surface for the application of tiling materials. Cement boards offer good moisture protection and help prevent the growth of mold or mildew.

Waterproof Membrane: Applying a waterproof membrane over the substrate is essential to prevent moisture penetration into the underlying materials. This is particularly important in areas where direct contact with water, such as showers or wet sauna environments, may occur. Waterproofing membranes are typically used in conjunction with other substrate materials, such as concrete or cement boards.

Vapor Barriers: Installing a vapor barrier between the substrate and the finished materials can help prevent moisture from seeping through the substrate. This is especially important in saunas, where high temperatures and humidity levels can lead to condensation. Vapor barriers are typically made of plastic sheets or foil and should be properly installed to ensure optimal moisture protection.

Ensure proper installation with adequate insulation and vapor barriers to prevent heat loss and maintain a comfortable and efficient sauna environment

Furniture and Equipment

The furniture and equipment in an interactive aromatherapy sauna can vary depending on the design, size, and specific features of the sauna. Here are some typical furniture and equipment options to consider:

Furniture:

Sauna benches are typically included with the kit and made of heat-resistant wood, such as cedar or spruce.

Some kits also provide wedges and boxes to create various seating options.

Equipment:

Sauna Heater: The sauna heater is the main piece of equipment that generates heat and maintains the desired temperature inside the sauna. Various types of sauna heaters are available, such as electric or wood-fired heaters, and their selection should align with the sauna design and requirements.

Sauna Control Panel: A control panel allows users to adjust and monitor the temperature, humidity, and other settings of the sauna. It should be easy to use and conveniently located within reach of the sauna users.

Lighting System: The lighting system in the sauna may include dimmable lights, color-changing LEDs, or LED strip lights to create the desired ambiance. The lighting should be heat-resistant and designed for sauna use.

Audio System: An audio system can enhance the sauna experience by providing relaxing music, soothing sounds, or guided meditations. Consider waterproof and heat-resistant speakers that are specifically designed for sauna environments. Bluetooth connectivity or integration with other audio sources can provide flexibility in audio selection.

Aromatherapy Equipment: Interactive aromatherapy saunas may include equipment such as essential oil diffusers, herbal steam infusers, or aroma release systems. These devices can be used to disperse aromas and create a pleasant and aromatic atmosphere during the sauna session.

Acoustics

Acoustic considerations for a sauna are mainly focused on the mechanical components.

Mechanical

Sauna equipment, such as heaters, ventilation fans, or aroma diffusers, should be installed in a segregated and properly located/planned space to minimize unnecessary noise.

Proper insulation and soundproofing materials can help reduce noise from escaping the sauna mechanical areas. This is particularly important if the mechanical space is located within or adjacent the relaxation/member-facing area.

Within the sauna itself you are looking for a peaceful and harmonious atmosphere achieved through ambient noise, sound absorption, and a zoned audio experience.

Audio System Design An integrated sound system is recommended.

Speakers should be waterproof and heat-resistant to withstand the sauna environment.

Position the speakers strategically to ensure even distribution of sound and enhance the overall immersive experience.

Lighting

The lighting options for an interactive aromatherapy sauna should create a soothing and immersive environment.

Include dimmable lights in the sauna to adjust the intensity of the lighting and create an appropriate mood.

Dimmable LED lights are energy-efficient and provide a wide range of brightness options.

Color-Changing LED lights can add a dynamic and therapeutic element to the sauna experience. Different colors can evoke specific moods and emotions. For example, cool blue tones can promote relaxation, while warm amber or orange hues create a cozy and comforting ambiance. Some lighting systems offer the ability to cycle through various colors or select a specific color desired by the user.

Soft and indirect lighting sources, such as recessed lights, can create a gentle and diffused glow, enhancing the overall relaxation experience. Indirect lighting can be positioned around the periphery of the sauna, behind benches, or mounted on the walls or ceiling to provide an even and soothing illumination.

LED strip lights can be installed discreetly along the edges of benches or on the walls to create an elegant and ambient glow. These flexible and low-profile lights are available in various colors and can be easily customized to fit the sauna's design and layout. LED strip lights are energy-efficient and provide a gentle illumination that enhances the sauna's aesthetics.

If the sauna has windows or glass panels, natural light can be integrated into the design, which creates a sense of openness and connection with the surrounding environment. Note: consider privacy needs and ensure that any windows or glass panels are properly insulated and treated to prevent excessive heat loss or compromise the sauna's desired temperature and humidity levels.

To ensure safety, it is crucial that lighting options specifically designed for high-temperature environments like saunas. Consult with lighting professionals or sauna specialists who can recommend suitable and durable lighting fixtures and ensure compliance with safety regulations.

Temperature and Ventilation

Ventilation:

Consider installing a dedicated ventilation system in the sauna. This system should include exhaust fans or vents that remove hot air, moisture, and any potential odors or contaminants from the sauna. Intake vents or fresh air inlets can also help bring in fresh air to maintain oxygen levels.

Position the exhaust vents at a high point in the sauna to allow warm air and steam to rise and be efficiently extracted. Intake vents or fresh air inlets should be placed closer to the floor level to allow for the inflow of fresh air.

Incorporate ventilation controls or adjustable vents to allow users to regulate the airflow and tailor it to their comfort level. This can help maintain optimal temperature and humidity inside the sauna.

Temperature:

Sauna temperatures typically range from 70°C to 100°C (158°F to 212°F) in traditional saunas. Infrared saunas usually operate at lower temperatures, around 50°C to 60°C (122°F to 140°F).

Ensure the sauna is equipped with reliable temperature controls and safety features. These controls should allow users to easily adjust and maintain the desired temperature within safe limits.

Properly position the sauna heater or heating elements to ensure an even distribution of heat throughout the sauna space. This helps to avoid hot spots and provides a more comfortable experience for users.

Incorporate effective thermal insulation materials to minimize heat loss and maintain the desired temperature inside the sauna. Proper insulation also helps optimize energy efficiency and reduce operating costs.

Electrical and Technology Requirements

Note: The electrical requirements for a sauna will depend on factors such as size, the types of equipment used, and the local electrical codes and regulations.

The sauna requires a dedicated electrical circuit to avoid overloading existing circuits or causing electrical issues. The electrical supply should be capable of providing sufficient power for all the sauna equipment and lighting.

Saunas typically operate on 220-240 volts for larger units or 110-120 volts for smaller models. Check the manufacturer's specifications or consult with an electrician to determine the correct voltage for the sauna and ensure compatibility with the electrical supply in your location.

The amperage or current rating required for the sauna will depend on the total power consumption of all the sauna components, including heaters, lighting, audio systems, and other electrical devices. The equipment manufacturer or an electrician can help calculate the necessary amperage and ensure the electrical circuit is properly sized to handle the load.

Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) protection is required for sauna electrical systems.

Wiring and conduit materials must be designed to withstand the high temperatures and moisture levels in the sauna environment. Wiring should be properly insulated and installed to prevent any potential hazards.

Ensure that all electrical components, equipment, and installations comply with local electrical codes and regulations. Use certified and approved electrical products.

It is recommended to consult with a licensed electrician who has experience with sauna installations. They can assess your specific requirements, conduct proper electrical load calculations, and ensure a safe and compliant electrical setup for your interactive aromatherapy sauna.

Sanitation and Safety Measures

Safety

Duress alarm or emergency shut-off

Passive fresh air

Exhaust air

Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) protection

Adjacencies

Typical adjacencies or ideal locations for a sauna:

Adjacent Room/area

Showers or Experiential Showers: Placing the sauna near a shower area allows users to rinse off before and after using the sauna. This is particularly beneficial if the sauna experience involves water-based activities such as steam or rinsing with aromatherapy-infused water.

Relaxation Area: This area can include comfortable seating, lounge chairs, or relaxation pods where users can rest and unwind after the sauna session. It can also serve as a space for meditation, reading, or engaging in other calming activities.

Spa Facilities: If the interactive aromatherapy sauna is part of a larger spa or wellness facility, adjacencies to other spa amenities might be desired. For example, placing the sauna near a massage room, hot tub, or cold plunge pool can create a seamless and convenient flow between different wellness activities.

Aromatherapy Stations: Consider incorporating dedicated aromatherapy stations or dispensers adjacent to the sauna. This allows users to easily access and control the aromatherapy elements during their sauna session. Aromatherapy stations can include essential oil diffusers, herbal steam infusers, or aroma release systems.

Outdoor Access: If the space and design allow, having an adjacent access point to an outdoor area can provide additional options for cooling down or taking a break between sauna sessions. Users can step outside for fresh air or enjoy nature before returning to the sauna.

Consider factors such as flow, privacy, and the overall theme or concept of the interactive aromatherapy sauna when determining the adjacencies that best suit your needs.

Circulation

Arrange the seating in the sauna to promote airflow and circulation. Avoid overcrowding and ensure that there is enough space between individuals to allow air to circulate freely.

Placing benches at different levels can help distribute heat more evenly and facilitate better air movement.

The entry door should open outward to avoid blocking access from the inside when people are coming in or going out. * Opt for a sauna door that fits well and seals properly when closed.

Sauna Variations

There are several different types and styles of saunas, each offering a unique experience and design.

Here are some of the more established sauna tradtions:

Traditional Finnish Sauna: The Finnish sauna is the most well-known type of sauna. It is typically made of wood, such as cedar or spruce, and features a stove or heater that generates heat by heating rocks. Water can be poured over the rocks to create steam and increase the humidity. Finnish saunas are characterized by high temperatures and low humidity levels.

Infrared Sauna: Infrared saunas use infrared heaters to emit infrared radiant heat, which is absorbed directly by the body. Unlike traditional saunas that heat the air, infrared saunas heat the body. They operate at lower temperatures than traditional saunas but still provide a deep heating effect, promoting relaxation and sweating.

Steam Sauna: Steam saunas use a steam generator to produce moist and humid air. They typically have higher humidity levels compared to traditional saunas. The heat in a steam sauna comes from the steam itself, and temperatures are generally lower than in traditional saunas.

Outdoor Sauna: Outdoor saunas are built outside, often near bodies of water or in gardens, providing a natural and serene setting. They can be built as standalone structures or integrated into existing outdoor spaces. Outdoor saunas may follow traditional or modern design aesthetics.

Barrel Sauna: Barrel saunas are unique in shape, resembling a barrel or half-barrel. They are often made of wood and provide a cozy and intimate sauna experience. The rounded shape of the sauna helps to distribute heat evenly, and they are typically designed to accommodate a smaller number of users.

Mobile or Portable Saunas: Mobile or portable saunas are designed for easy transport and setup. They can be compact and lightweight, making them suitable for use in different locations or for those who have limited space. Portable saunas often utilize infrared heating elements.

Custom or Hybrid Saunas: Custom saunas are designed and built according to specific preferences and requirements. They can incorporate a combination of sauna types, such as infrared and traditional, or include unique design elements, like glass walls or specialized seating arrangements.

NOTE: There are many Sauna Traditions and variations which can determine the style and design of the sauna.

Global Sauna Traditions

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Dry Sauna Objective Space Planning Design Features Flooring and Wall Finishes Furniture and Equipment Acoustics Lighting Temperature and Ventilation Electrical and Technology Requirements Sanitation and Safety Measures Adjacencies Circulation Sauna Variations